Please READ MORE for the video. Do not think that this is a new type brake, this is sample of wheel flat. If there is a small flattened spot in wheel tread, it will be bigger flat in time due to impacts on its edges.
Haydarpasha Train Station
European Style Train Station In Asia
Haydarpasha Train Station
West End Of Asia Railways
Sirkeci Train Station
Orient Style Train Station In Eastern Europe
Galata Tower
Galata Tower In Istanbul, Near Of 2nd Oldest Funicular In The World
Pera Palace
Orient Style Hotel
Track and Rail and Wheel Physics and Rail Agglomeration Area and Moment Arm
Please READ MORE for the video (full secreen is my recommendation) and document. If there was not mass of railway vehicle and gravity, vehicle wheels stand just on rail head level. In fact due to physics, wheel embeds to rail and rail embed to superstructure and superstructur embed to substructure and earth (action-reaction) So, vertical and horizontal forces occur elastical deformation on wheel, rail and structure. As well as static wheel and dinamic (moving) wheel contact surface are different from each other. Wheel and rail contact area is not smooth flat, wheel is embeded to rail head due to wheel load and wheel gauge and wheel hardness and rail head hardness. Several deems accept wheel and rail contact surface has vertical force line passing through the center of the wheel (axle zero point on wheel). In fact, contact point is front of the center of the moving wheel (distance of static wheel-rail contact point as per moving wheel-rail contact point is named as moment arm). So, we can deem wheel always try to climb on rail due to whell-rail embeding ratio as well as climb on structure due to rail-superstructure-substructure embeding ratio as independently of the track vertical slope. Consequently, beside the driving resistances like bearing frictions, wheel-rail adhesion, aerodynamic resistances, vehicle power unit and power axles need to beat embeding resistance as well. This phenomenon makes strain on rail head surface on the back of the contact area and agglomeration on rail head surface on the front of the contact area. Furthermore, rail contact area tempreture increases because of vertical force (that force occurs pressure on surfaces and it energizes molecules which at the rail and wheel contact surface).
We can calculate the train resistance through Equation of Davis. “We designate (V: km/h) as train velocity and (A: N) (B: Ns/m), (C: Ns^2/m^2) empirical coefficients. (A) is the mechanical resistance and determines due to axle load, number of axles and number of wagons naturally length of train, track and wagon type. (B) is the a part of the aerodynamic resistances so it is due to train lenght and number of axle. (C) is the aerodynamic resistances which affecting to front and rear area of the vehicle” [Rochard ve Schmid, 2000; Lukaszewicz, 2001].
On the other hand, we can calculate resistances with empirical methods like Traction Power Method, Dynomometer, Hump Release Method.
Marmaray Railway, Eurasia Rail, Contemporary Silk Road
Please READ MORE for the video. The Silk Road is the ancient trade route between Europe and Asia. Merchants transport silks, spices, valuable goods through that way. The Silk Road has not only been the route of merchants, but also been the route of armies, ideas, religions and culture from east to west and west to east. The first documents about the route of silk road date back to Ancient Greeks and Romans. In the past, grueling caravan journey were made on the Silk Road, it has touristic importance today. Marmaray continues to add value to life while connecting two continents just like the Silk Road. The Marmaray has ERTMS as well as CBTC signalization system at the same time.
Sand Hydrophobization, Chemical Sand Hydrophobization Method, Sand Hydrophobization Formula
Please READ MORE for the Document. Sand Hydrophobization, Sand Hydrophobization Chemical Solution, Hydrophobic Sand. No more wheel slip on rails.
Chemical Sand Hydrophobization Method Pdf
Chemical Sand Hydrophobization Method
Izmir Karsiyaka Tram, İzmir Karşıyaka Tramvayı
Please READ MORE for the video. Izmir (a.k.a. the Pearl of the Aegean), Karsiyaka Tram. Have a nice trip...
Train Race
Please READ MORE for the video. Trains may appear like they are racing sometimes, if the track and signalization is adequate for it.
Train Wheel and Axle Failures
Please READ MORE for the video. Train wheels are not generally angular, they are round. There are various types of damage on/in train wheels and against these, there are detection ways of them like DT, NDT, NDE to carry out corrective and preventive action.
Railway Track Through the Football Pitch
Please READ MORE for the video. Sometimes railway track passes interesting and extraordinary places.
Istanbul, Golden Horn, APS Catenary And Tram.
Please READ MORE for the video. This is street level power line. APS track have sections which 11 meters and each section occurs 8 meter conductive and 3 meter neutral section. Do not worry, only section electrifies corresponding to vehicle. Non contacted 3rd energy rail (ETR System) is fully embedded in the middle of two rails on the line. Non contacted 3rd energy rail (ETR System) is fully embedded in the middle of two rails on the line (at the alignment section). 
Train and Car Coupling
Please READ MORE for the video. Locomotives and wagons coupling to make train formation but generally not use cars for the aim of coupling. 
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